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Religion in Mauritius (2022 census)[1]
  1. Hinduism (47.9%)
  2. Christianity (32.3%)
  3. Islam (18.2%)
  4. Other (1%)
  5. None (0.6%)
Statue of Hindu Goddess Durga at Ganga Talao.

Mauritius is a religiously diverse nation, with Hinduism being the most widely professed faith.[2] According to the 2022 census conducted by Statistics Mauritius, 47.87% of the Mauritian population follows Hinduism. Sizeable populations of the adherents of Christianity, Islam and other religions are also present.[1][3]

People of Indian descent (Indo-Mauritian) follow mostly Hinduism.

The Franco-Mauritians, Creoles and Sino-Mauritians follow Christianity. A minority of Sino-Mauritians also follow Buddhism and other Chinese-related religions.

Census results

[edit]
Census Data - Religion
Hinduism Christianity Islam No Religion Other/NA
2011[2]
48.5%
32.7%
17.3%
0.7%
0.8%
2022[4]
47.9%
32.3%
18.2%
0.6%
1.0%
Change ?0.6% ?0.4% +0.9% ?0.1% +0.2%
[edit]

The constitution prohibits discrimination on religious grounds and provides for freedom to practice or change one's religion. The government provides money to the Catholic Church, Church of England, Presbyterian Church of Mauritius, Seventh-day Adventists, Hindus, and Muslims according to their numbers in the census in addition to tax-exempt status. Other religious groups can register and be tax-exempt but receive no subsidy.[5] Religious public holidays are the Hindu festivals of Maha Shivaratree, Ougadi, Thaipoosam Cavadee, Ganesh Chaturthi, and Diwali; the Christian festivals of Assumption and Christmas; and the Muslim festival of Eid al-Fitr.[6]

Dharmic religions

[edit]

Hinduism

[edit]
Sagar Shiv Mandir

Hinduism originally came to Mauritius mainly through Indians who worked as indentured labourers on the island following the abolition of slavery.[7] Today, Hinduism is a major religion in Mauritius, representing 48.54% of the total population of the country according to the 2011 census carried out by Statistics Mauritius.[2][8][9] This makes Mauritius the country having the highest percentage of Hindus in Africa and third highest percentage of Hindus in the world after Nepal and India, respectively.

One of the biggest festivals on the island is Maha Shivaratri, or the 'Great Night of Siva'. During this annual Hindu celebration, which takes place in the months of February and March, four to nine days of ceremony and fasting lead up to an all-night vigil of Siva worship and Ganesha worship.[citation needed]

Buddhism

[edit]

About 0.4% of the population of Mauritius adheres to Buddhism.[2] It is practiced by a significant minority of Sino-Mauritians.

Abrahamic religions

[edit]
Old and new images of St. Louis Cathedral, Port-Louis

Christianity

[edit]

Christianity came to Mauritius with the first inhabitants, the Dutch. However, the Dutch abandoned the island in 1710.[10] The French brought Christianity again when they arrived in 1715. From 1723, there was a law whereby all slaves coming to the island must be baptised Catholic.[11] This law does not seem to have been strictly adhered to.[11] After they had taken Mauritius from the French during the Napoleonic Wars, the British tried to turn Mauritius Protestant during the 1840s and 1850s.[11]

Franco-Mauritians, usually having the same religion and denomination as the Creoles, have sometimes emphasised their differences from the Creoles by practising more traditionally, for instance celebrating Mass in Latin.[12] By 2011 Christianity was practiced by 31.7% of the total population.[2]

2011 census results for Christianity

[edit]

Catholics made up 83% of Mauritius's Christians (26% of the total population or 324,811 people) in 2011. The other recognized and subsidized religions included the Church of England which on the island is the Diocese of Mauritius in the Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean which has 2,788 members according to the census; the Presbyterian Church of Mauritius with 501 members, and the Seventh-day Adventists with 4,428 members. Other Christian denominations included three Pentecostal groups Assembly of God with 8,692, Mission Salut et Guérison with 3,731, and Pentecotiste Church with 6,817. Jehovah's Witnesses had 2,173 members. About 47,774 people simply listed 'Christian' on the census. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reports 576 members in 3 branches in 2025;[13] the 2022 census reported 10.[1]

Islam

[edit]
Jummah Mosque, Port Louis

Islam is practiced by 17.3% of the Mauritian population.[2] Approximately 95 percent of these are Sunni Muslims,[14] having an understanding of the Urdu language. Within the Muslim community, there are three distinct ethnicities that exist, notably the Memons and the Surtees (who are rich merchants who came from Kutch and Surat province of Gujarat in India), then the "Hindi Calcattias" who came to Mauritius as indentured labourers from Bihar.

Other languages include Bhojpuri, Gujarati, and Tamil.

Among the Shi'a minority, some have their origins in different parts of South Asia, while others are adherents of the Shia Ismaili sect from East Africa. The majority of Shias are Ithnā‘ashariyyah with small Ismaili sect. According to the 2011 census, there were 1265 Ahmadis.[2]

The first purpose-built mosque in Mauritius is the Camp des Lascars Mosque in around 1805. It is now officially known as the Al-Aqsa Mosque. The Jummah Mosque in Port Louis was built in the 1850s and is often described as one of the most beautiful religious building in Mauritius by the Ministry of Tourism's guide. There are many smaller mosques in the towns and villages. The highest concentration of Muslims is found in the capital Port Louis, predominantly in the Plaine Verte, Ward IV, Valle Pitot and Camp Yoloff neighborhood.

Bahá?í Faith

[edit]

The Bahá?í Faith was introduced to the Mauritius by Ottilie Rhein in 1953.[15] For opening a new territory to the Faith during the Ten Year Crusade, Ottilie Rhein was designated a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh by Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Bahá?í Faith. According to the 2011 government census, there were 639 Bahá?ís in Mauritius.[2]

Others

[edit]

Taoism and Confucianism are also practiced by small numbers of both Chinese people and Japanese people in Mauritius. Punjabis are a subgroup of Indo-Mauritians who mainly practice Sikhism. In 2011 census, there were only 43 Jews practicing Judaism in Mauritius.[2] By 2022, it was reported that there were almost 100 Jews in the country.[16]

Freedom of religion

[edit]

In 2023 the country was scored 4 out of 4 for religious freedom.[17]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "2022 HOUSING AND POPULATION CENSUS" (PDF). Republic of Mauritius. May 2024. pp. 136–138. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Resident population by religion and sex" (PDF). Statistics Mauritius. pp. 68, 71. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2022. Retrieved November 19, 2023.
  3. ^ "Resident population by religion and sex" (PDF). Statistics Mauritius. p. 68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  4. ^ Resident population by religion1 and sex - 2022 Population Census Statistics Mauritius, pp. 136 (PDF) Retrieved 17th May, 2024.
  5. ^ Freedom House website, retrieved 2025-08-05
  6. ^ "Public Holidays". Mauritius. 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  7. ^ Malik, Rajiv (2003). "The Hindus of Mauritius". Hinduism Today. Himalayan Academy. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  8. ^ "Hinduism in Mauritius - as indentured servants of European settlers of the island. As of 2000, 48% of the country follows Hinduism". Mauritiusdelight.com. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  9. ^ "Mauritian culture - The main religions in Mauritius". Lemeilleurdelilemaurice.com. 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  10. ^ Salverda, Tijo (March 2004). "Changing Definitions of Ethnic Boundaries on Mauritius" (PDF). International Institute for Asian Studies Newsletter. No. 33. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2010.
  11. ^ a b c Watson, James L. (1980). Asian and African systems of slavery. University of California Press. pp. 158–159. ISBN 978-0-520-04031-1. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  12. ^ Hylland Eriksen, Thomas (1998). Common denominators: ethnicity, nation-building and compromise in Mauritius. Berg Publishers. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-85973-959-4. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  13. ^ "Mauritius". Newsroom. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  14. ^ "ISLAM IN MAURITIUS | Faisal Muhammad". Academia.edu. 2025-08-05. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.[circular reference]
  15. ^ "History of Faith in Mauritius". The official website of the Bahá?ís of Mauritius. Bahá?í Community of Mauritius. 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  16. ^ US State 2022 report
  17. ^ Freedom House website, retrieved 2025-08-05
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