木节念什么| 尪痹片主治什么| 男性检查挂什么科| ecmo是什么| 哺乳期是什么意思| petct是什么| 算什么男人歌词| 1969属什么生肖| 什么情况下会感染hpv病毒| 睡醒咳嗽是什么原因| 安宫牛黄丸什么时候吃| 测心率手表什么牌子好| 00年属什么的| 什么药可以当饭吃| 外交部发言人什么级别| tps是什么意思| 梦见吃排骨是什么意思| 兰花代表什么象征意义| 艾滋病早期有什么症状| 8月6号什么星座| 黑马什么意思| 染色体变异发生在什么时期| 麻风病是什么症状图片| 胎盘下缘达宫颈内口是什么意思| 房性早搏吃什么药| pr是什么工作| 水母吃什么食物| 十年什么婚| 憩室是什么病| 什么是气胸有什么症状| 什么是三观| 小狗的尾巴有什么作用| 心电图p是什么意思| 什么叫个人修养| 梦见头上长虱子是什么意思| 1.6号是什么星座| 什么是植发| 阴茎供血不足吃什么药| 漂流穿什么衣服| 发烧呕吐是什么原因| 肺部纤维灶什么意思| 化验血常规能查出什么| 猴年马月是什么时候| 为什么会得人工荨麻疹| 农历8月15是什么节日| 核磁共振什么时候出结果| 头晕吃什么好| 碎片是什么意思| 经常耳鸣是为什么| 牡丹花代表什么生肖| 奈何桥是什么意思| 甲胎蛋白是检查什么| 裸睡是什么意思| 胎儿fl是什么意思| 什么是头寸| 手心脚心出汗什么原因| 阴中求阳是什么意思| 散片是什么意思| 出血热是什么病| 煨是什么意思| 什么是酸性食物| 房性早搏吃什么药最好| 续集是什么意思| 怀孕了不想要最好的办法是什么| 打鼾是什么原因引起的| 手心发热吃什么药最好| 火花是什么| 智商是什么意思| peep是什么意思| 77属什么生肖| 剖腹产什么时候可以洗澡| 知天命是什么年纪| 名声大噪是什么意思| 欺世盗名是什么意思| 痔疮初期症状是什么| 冰心原名是什么| 巴利属于什么档次的| 奥美拉唑与雷贝拉唑有什么区别| 睡意是什么意思| 一龙一什么| 二级医院是什么医院| 脸麻是什么原因| 拿的起放的下是什么意思| 蟑螂什么样子| 是什么就是什么| 膀胱炎是什么症状| 多糖是什么意思| 浅卡其色裤子配什么颜色上衣| 射手座是什么象| 音欠读什么| 3月23是什么星座| 吃维生素c和维生素e有什么好处| 168红包代表什么意思| 慢性活动性胃炎是什么意思| 说话口臭是什么原因引起的| 什么姿势容易怀孕| 面部痉挛是什么原因引起的| 年上年下是什么意思| 马来西亚信仰什么教| 利可君片是什么药| 输血浆主要起什么作用| 钙片吃多了有什么副作用| 聚酯纤维是什么料子| 什么现象证明你在长高| 女人梦见血是什么预兆| 沾花惹草是什么生肖| 乐高是什么| 拔完智齿吃什么食物好| 珠是什么生肖| 画画用什么铅笔| 言重了是什么意思| 鸭子喜欢吃什么食物| ctc是什么意思| 多动症是什么原因造成| 儒艮为什么叫美人鱼| 往届毕业生是什么意思| alyx是什么牌子| 甲沟炎什么症状| konka是什么牌子| 老鼠屎长什么样| 李小龙和丁佩什么关系| 血管堵塞有什么症状| 东方明珠什么时候亮灯| 胸为什么会下垂| 慢性宫颈炎是什么意思| 陈惠敏和陈慧琳什么关系| 卫生纸是什么垃圾| 腱鞘炎用什么药能治好| 孕吐反应什么时候开始| 宝宝发烧挂什么科| 牛不吃草是什么原因| 更年期提前是什么症状| 探囊取物是什么意思| 市长属于什么级别| 七月二十二什么日子| 网盘是什么东西| 养胃吃什么食物最好| 牛欢喜是什么部位| 黑曜石适合什么人戴| 为什么会得炎症| 眼睑是什么位置图片| bun是什么意思| 腰痛宁胶囊为什么要用黄酒送服| 什么叫带状疱疹| 什么细节能感动摩羯男| 引火上身是什么意思| 黄体是什么意思| msv是什么单位| 为什么会长生长纹| 后面的牙齿叫什么| 翘楚是什么意思| 慢性胰腺炎吃什么药效果最好| gloomy是什么意思| 小腿痛是什么原因| 扳机点是什么意思| 美人尖是什么| 甜蜜素是什么| 天天睡觉做梦是什么原因| 十月十一日是什么星座| 婴幼儿积食会有什么症状| 手抖是因为什么| 公顷是什么意思| 眉毛里面长痘痘是什么原因| 降真香是什么| 骨折是什么症状| 桑拓木命是什么意思| 前任是什么意思| 蚂蚁属于什么动物| 婴儿咳嗽用什么药| 湿疹长什么样子图片| 尿结石是什么症状表现| 微腺瘤是什么| 风寒水饮是什么意思| 九月初六是什么星座| cm是什么意思| 脑出血挂什么科| 当我们谈论爱情时我们在谈论什么| 汗是什么味道| 易激惹是什么意思| 福生无量天尊什么意思| 甲减是什么意思| pck是什么意思| 看嘴唇挂什么科| 肠胃不好吃什么水果好| 生粉和淀粉有什么区别| 真菌孢子是什么| 猪八戒的老婆叫什么| 9月14是什么星座| 瘦脱相是什么意思| 螳螂捕蝉是什么意思| 拍花子是什么意思| 为什么会得红斑狼疮| 火华读什么| 什么手机信号最好最强| vivian是什么意思| 来姨妈不能吃什么| 关节炎挂什么科| crp高是什么原因| 考幼师证需要什么条件| 上海市市委书记是什么级别| 鼻咽炎是什么症状| 甲状腺双叶回声欠均匀是什么意思| 拔牙需要注意什么| 心悸是什么原因造成的| xo什么意思| 博士生导师是什么级别| 岁贡生是什么意思| 乳腺结节什么症状表现| 胃肠道感冒吃什么药| 荨麻疹用什么药| c8是什么意思| 夏至未至是什么意思| 潴留囊肿是什么意思| 小便频繁是什么原因| 江西什么最出名| 这什么情况| 白细胞是什么| 马与什么属相相克相冲| 股票里xd是什么意思| 男人经常熬夜喝什么汤| 指甲上有竖条纹是什么原因| 蒲公英泡水喝有什么功效| 试纸一深一浅说明什么| 老夫聊发少年狂什么意思| 八珍胶囊适合什么人吃| 梦到自己怀孕了是什么预兆| 山人是什么意思| 女性为什么不适合喝茉莉花茶| 孕妇建档是什么意思| 乙肝两对半阴性是什么意思| 钙片什么时候吃最好| 什么叫实性结节| 肛门里面有个肉疙瘩是什么| 胃疼是什么症状| 皇子的妻子叫什么| 骟是什么意思| 不什么一什么| 病态是什么意思| 跑水是什么意思| 线束是什么意思| 军长相当于地方什么官| 朱元璋属什么生肖| 执拗是什么意思| TPS什么意思| 肠功能紊乱吃什么药| 蛇屎是什么样子| 预科班什么意思| 糖尿病什么症状| 十八层地狱分别叫什么| 空调嗡嗡响是什么原因| 孕育是什么意思| f代表什么| 竹节棉是什么面料| 91年出生属什么生肖| 康复治疗学主要学什么| 什么叫业障| 什么时期最容易怀孕| 手指关节痛是什么原因| 冰激凌和冰淇淋有什么区别| 软件开发属于什么行业| 恭请是什么意思| 农历是什么生肖| 老鼠长什么样子图片| 什么是圆房| 百度Jump to content

一杯咖啡如何玩转时装周?“大咖”肯德基给你答案

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Like other dioceses, the Diocese of Rome has a cathedra, the official seat of the Bishop of Rome.
百度 对强制医疗决定程序进行监督,乃是法律赋予专门监督机关的法定职责。

In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.[1]

History

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Dioceses of the Roman Empire, AD 400

In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associated in a larger unit, the diocese (Latin dioecesis, from the Greek term διο?κησι?, meaning "administration").[2]

Christianity was given legal status in 313 with the Edict of Milan. Churches began to organize themselves into dioceses based on the civil dioceses, not on the larger regional imperial districts.[3] These dioceses were often smaller than the provinces. Christianity was declared the Empire's official religion by Theodosius I in 380. Constantine I in 318 gave litigants the right to have court cases transferred from the civil courts to the bishops.[4] This situation must have hardly survived Julian, 361–363. Episcopal courts are not heard of again in the East until 398 and in the West in 408. The quality of these courts was low, and not above suspicion as the Bishop of Alexandria Troas found that clergy were making a corrupt profit. Nonetheless, these courts were popular as people could get quick justice without being charged fees.[5] Bishops had no part in the civil administration until the town councils, in decline, lost much authority to a group of 'notables' made up of the richest councilors, powerful and rich persons legally exempted from serving on the councils, retired military, and bishops post-AD 450. As the Western Empire collapsed in the 5th century, bishops in Western Europe assumed a larger part of the role of the former Roman governors. A similar, though less pronounced, development occurred in the East, where the Roman administrative apparatus was largely retained by the Byzantine Empire. In modern times, many dioceses, though later subdivided, have preserved the boundaries of a long-vanished Roman administrative division. For Gaul, Bruce Eagles has observed that "it has long been an academic commonplace in France that the medieval dioceses, and their constituent pagi, were the direct territorial successors of the Roman civitates."[6]

Modern usage of 'diocese' tends to refer to the sphere of a bishop's jurisdiction. This became commonplace during the self-conscious "classicizing" structural evolution of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th century, but this usage had itself been evolving from the much earlier parochia ("parish"; Late Latin derived from the Greek παροικ?α paroikia), dating from the increasingly formalized Christian authority structure in the 4th century.[7]

Archdiocese

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Dioceses ruled by an archbishop are commonly referred to as archdioceses; most are metropolitan sees, being placed at the head of an ecclesiastical province. In the Catholic Church, some are suffragans of a metropolitan see or are directly subject to the Holy See.

The term "archdiocese" is not found in Catholic canon law, with the terms "diocese" and "episcopal see" being applicable to the area under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of any bishop.[8] If the title of archbishop is granted on personal grounds to a diocesan bishop, his diocese does not thereby become an archdiocese.[better source needed]

Catholic Church

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Coat of arms of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Las Vegas

The Canon Law of the Catholic Church defines a diocese as "a portion of the people of God which is entrusted to a bishop for him to shepherd with the cooperation of the presbyterium, so that, adhering to its pastor and gathered by him in the Holy Spirit through the gospel and the Eucharist, it constitutes a particular church in which the one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church of Christ is truly present and operative."[9]

Also known as particular churches or local churches, dioceses are under the authority of a bishop. They are described as ecclesiastical districts defined by geographical territory. Dioceses are often grouped by the Holy See into ecclesiastical provinces for greater cooperation and common action among regional dioceses. Within an ecclesiastical province, one diocese can be designated an "archdiocese" or "metropolitan archdiocese", establishing centrality within an ecclesiastical province and denoting a higher rank. Archdioceses are often chosen based on their population and historical significance. All dioceses and archdioceses, and their respective bishops or archbishops, are distinct and autonomous. An archdiocese has limited responsibilities within the same ecclesiastical province assigned to it by the Holy See.[10]

As of December 2024, in the Catholic Church there are 2,898 regular dioceses (or eventually eparchies) consisting of: 1 papal see, 9 patriarchates, 4 major archeparchies, 564 metropolitan archdioceses, 77 single archdioceses and 2,261 dioceses in the world.[11]

In the Eastern Catholic Churches that are in communion with the Pope, the equivalent entity is called an eparchy or "archeparchy", with an "eparch" or "archeparch" serving as the ordinary.[12]

The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy issued by the Second Vatican Council in 1963 directed that every diocese, or where appropriate a combination of dioceses, should establish a diocesan commission on the sacred liturgy, and, if possible, a commission for sacred music and a commission for sacred art, directing that they either work together in close collaboration or form a single body.[13]

Eastern Orthodox Church

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The Eastern Orthodox Church calls dioceses episkopes (from the Greek ?πισκοπ?) in the Greek tradition and eparchies (from ?παρχ?α) in the Slavic tradition.[citation needed]

Lutheran churches

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Certain Lutheran denominations such as the Church of Sweden do have individual dioceses similar to Roman Catholics. These dioceses and archdioceses are under the government of a bishop (see Archbishop of Uppsala).[14] Other Lutheran bodies and synods that have dioceses and bishops include the Church of Denmark, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, the Evangelical Church in Germany (partially), and the Church of Norway.[15]

From about the 13th century until the German mediatization of 1803, the majority of the bishops of the Holy Roman Empire were prince-bishops, and as such exercised political authority over a principality, their so-called Hochstift, which was distinct, and usually considerably smaller than their diocese, over which they only exercised the usual authority of a bishop.

Some American Lutheran church bodies such as the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America have a bishop acting as the head of the synod,[16] but the synod does not have dioceses and archdioceses as the churches listed above. Rather, it is divided into a middle judicatory.[17]

The Lutheran Church - International, based in Springfield, Illinois, presently uses a traditional diocesan structure, with four dioceses in North America. Its current president is Archbishop Robert W. Hotes.[18]

Anglican Communion

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St Patrick's Cathedral, the seat of the Anglican Diocese of Armagh in the Church of Ireland

After the English Reformation, the Church of England retained the existing diocesan structure which remains throughout the Anglican Communion. The one change is that the areas administered under the Archbishop of Canterbury and Archbishop of York are properly referred to as dioceses, not archdioceses: they are the metropolitan bishops of their respective provinces and bishops of their own diocese and have the position of archbishop.

The Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia in its constitution uses the specific term "Episcopal Unit" for both dioceses and pīhopatanga because of its unique three-tikanga (culture) system. Pīhopatanga are the tribal-based jurisdictions of Māori pīhopa (bishops) which overlap with the "New Zealand dioceses" (i.e. the geographical jurisdictions of the pākehā (European) bishops); these function like dioceses, but are never called so.[19]

Pentecostalism

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Church of God in Christ

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The Church of God in Christ (COGIC) has dioceses throughout the United States. In the COGIC, most states are divided into at least three or more dioceses that are each led by a bishop (sometimes called a "state bishop"); some states have as many as ten dioceses. These dioceses are called "jurisdictions" within COGIC.[20][21]

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

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In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the term "bishopric" is used to describe the bishop together with his two counselors, not the ward or congregation of which a bishop has charge.

A diocese would be more similarly compared to a stake in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, led by a stake president who, similarly to a bishopric, forms the head of a stake presidency along with two counselors that assist him.[22][23]

Catharism

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An organization created by the Gnostic group known as the Cathars in 1167 called the Council of Saint-Félix organized Cathar communities into bishoprics, which each had a bishop presiding over a specific division, even though there was no central authority.[24]

Churches that have bishops, but not dioceses

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In the Free Methodist Church, Global Methodist Church, Evangelical Wesleyan Church, African Methodist Episcopal Church and United Methodist Church, a bishop is given oversight over a geographical area called an episcopal area. Each episcopal area contains one or more annual conferences, which is how the churches and clergy under the bishop's supervision are organized. Thus, the use of the term "diocese" referring to geography is the most equivalent in the United Methodist Church, whereas each annual conference is part of one episcopal area (though that area may contain more than one conference).

In the British Methodist Church and Irish Methodist Church, the closest equivalent to a diocese is the 'circuit'. Each local church belongs to a circuit, and the circuit is overseen by a superintendent minister who has pastoral charge of all the circuit churches (though in practice they delegate such charge to other presbyters who each care for a section of the circuit and chair the local church meetings as deputies of the superintendent). This echoes the practice of the early church where the bishop was supported by a bench of presbyters. Circuits are grouped together to form districts. All of these, combined with the local membership of the church, are referred to as the "connexion". This 18th-century term, endorsed by John Wesley, describes how people serving in different geographical centres are 'connected' to each other. Personal oversight of the Methodist Church is exercised by the president of the conference, a presbyter elected to serve for a year by the Methodist Conference; such oversight is shared with the vice-president, who is always a deacon or layperson. Each district is headed by a 'chair', a presbyter who oversees the district. Although the district is similar in size to a diocese, and chairs meet regularly with their partner bishops, the Methodist superintendent is closer to the bishop in function than is the chair. The purpose of the district is to resource the circuits; it has no function otherwise.[citation needed]

Churches that have neither bishops nor dioceses

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Many churches worldwide have neither bishops nor dioceses. Most of these churches are descended from the Protestant Reformation and more specifically the Swiss Reformation led by John Calvin; these are known as the Reformed Churches (which include the Continental Reformed, Presbyterian, and Congregationalist traditions).[citation needed]

Continental Reformed churches are ruled by assemblies of "elders" or ordained officers. This is usually called Synodal government by the continental Reformed, but is essentially the same as presbyterian polity.[citation needed]

Presbyterian churches derive their name from the presbyterian form of church government, which is governed by representative assemblies of elders. The Church of Scotland is governed solely through presbyteries, at parish and regional level, and therefore has no dioceses or bishops.[25]

Congregational churches practice congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs.[26]

Some Methodist denominations have a congregational polity, such as the Congregational Methodist Church, while others such as the Fellowship of Independent Methodist Churches or Association of Independent Methodists are composed of independent Methodist congregations.

Most Baptists hold that no church or ecclesiastical organization has inherent authority over a Baptist church. Churches can properly relate to each other under this polity only through voluntary cooperation, never by any sort of coercion. Furthermore, this Baptist polity calls for freedom from governmental control.[27] Most Baptists believe in "Two offices of the church"—pastor-elder and deacon—based on certain scriptures (1 Timothy 3:1–13; Titus 1–2). Exceptions to this local form of local governance include a few churches that submit to the leadership of a body of elders, as well as the Episcopal Baptists that have an episcopal system.[citation needed]

Churches of Christ, being strictly non-denominational, are governed solely at the congregational level.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, 1989
  2. ^ Doyle, Dennis M. (2016). What is Christianity?. Paulist Press. ISBN 9781587686207.
  3. ^ Bright, William (1860). A History of the Church, from the Edict of Milan, A.D. 313, to the Council of Chalcedon, A.D. 451. J.H. and Jas. Parker. p. 4.
  4. ^ Bateman, C.G. (January 17, 2018). "The Supreme 'Courts' of the Roman Empire: Constantine's Judicial Role for the Bishops". SSRN. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2938800. SSRN 2938800.
  5. ^ A. H. M. Jones, Later Roman Empire, 1964, p. 480–481 ISBN 0-8018-3285-3
  6. ^ Eagles, Bruce (2004). "Britons and Saxons on the Eastern Boundary of the Civitas Durotrigum". Britannia. Vol. 35. p. 234., noting for instance Wightman, E.M. (1985). Gallia Belgica. London. p. 26.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Diocese" . Encyclop?dia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 279.
  8. ^  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Archdiocese". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  9. ^ Catholic Church (1983). "Can. 369". Code of Canon Law.
  10. ^ CCCB. "Ecclesiastical Circumscriptions: Dioceses". Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05.
  11. ^ "Dioceses by Type". gcatholic.org. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  12. ^ "Canons of the Particular Law of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church" (PDF). Edmonton, Alberta: Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Edmonton. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  13. ^ Second Vatican Council, Sacrosanctum Concilium, paragraphs 44-46, published on 4 December 1963, accessed on 18 June 2025
  14. ^ Adam of Bremen, Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum Archived 2025-08-05 at the Wayback Machine, online text in Latin; scholia 94.
  15. ^ see List of Lutheran dioceses and archdioceses.
  16. ^ Office of the Presiding Bishop on ELCA.org. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  17. ^ LERNing newsletter from July 2005 Archived 2025-08-05 at the Wayback Machine at ELCA.org. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  18. ^ International, Lutheran Church. "Welcome to Lutheran Church International". Lutheran Church International.
  19. ^ p. 1
  20. ^ "Board of Bishops". Church Of God In Christ. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  21. ^ "The Executive Branch". Church Of God In Christ. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  22. ^ "Stake". Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  23. ^ "Stake President". Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  24. ^ Joshua J. Mark (2 April 2019). "Cathars". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  25. ^ Scotland, The Church of (2025-08-05). "Our structure". The Church of Scotland. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  26. ^ "Congregationalism | Protestant Church History & Beliefs | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
  27. ^ Pinson, William M. Jr. "Trends in Baptist Polity". Baptist History and Heritage Society. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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